{"id":323,"date":"2022-07-26T00:14:35","date_gmt":"2022-07-25T21:14:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/?p=323"},"modified":"2022-09-19T17:43:29","modified_gmt":"2022-09-19T14:43:29","slug":"timar-sistemi-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/timar-sistemi-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Osmanl\u0131 Devleti T\u0131mar Sistemi Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>T\u0131mar kelimesinin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e&#8217;deki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bak\u0131m ve ilgidir. Terim olaraksa hem asker ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak hem de idari hiyerar\u015fiyi ayakta tutmak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131 devlet taraf\u0131ndan belli ki\u015filere i\u015fletme amac\u0131yla verilen toprak sistemidir. Bu sistem daha \u00f6nce B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nde <strong>ikta<\/strong> sistemi olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Osmanl\u0131 Devleti&#8217;nde ise <strong><em>t\u0131mar sistemi<\/em><\/strong> olarak kullan\u0131lmaya devam edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>T\u0131mar Sistemi \u00d6zellikleri<\/h2>\n<p>15. ve 16. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Osmanl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131taya h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck bir imparatorluktu. Bu denli b\u00fcy\u00fck topraklara sahip olman\u0131n hem g\u00fcvenlik hem de idari a\u00e7\u0131dan zorluklar\u0131 vard\u0131. Ancak Osmanl\u0131 Devleti daha \u00f6nce atalar\u0131n\u0131n yani Sel\u00e7uklular&#8217;\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bir toprak sistemi geli\u015ftirdi.Sel\u00e7uklulardaki ikta sistemini geli\u015ftirip t\u0131mar sistemine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fcler. T\u0131mar sisteminin temeli devleti s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir imparatorluk haline getirmekti.<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde miri arazi olarak da bilinen dirlik topraklar\u0131, 3 k\u0131s\u0131mdan olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Bunlar <em>has<\/em>, <em>zeamet<\/em> ve <em>t\u0131mar<\/em> arazileriydi. Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu da t\u0131mar arazileri olu\u015fturmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Devlet hizmetlerini \u00f6d\u00fcllendirmek amac\u0131yla \u00f6nemli ki\u015filere kendi dirlik arazilerinden topraklar verirdi. Geliri 100.000 ak\u00e7eden fazla olan ve r\u00fctbesi y\u00fcksek olan ki\u015filere has topraklardan verilmekteydi. Bunlar genellikle padi\u015fah ve saray g\u00f6revlileri idi.Has sahipleri dirli\u011finin her 5.000 ak\u00e7esi i\u00e7in bir cebel\u00fc yeti\u015ftirmekle mesuld\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>Orta dereceli r\u00fctbe veya mevkiye sahip ve geliri 20.000 ila 100.000 aras\u0131nda olanlara <em>zeamet<\/em> topraklar\u0131ndan verilidi. Genellikle suba\u015f\u0131,kad\u0131 gibi devlet memurlar\u0131na aitti.Zeamet sahipleri de dirli\u011finin her 5.000 ak\u00e7esi i\u00e7in bir cebel\u00fc yeti\u015ftirmekle m\u00fckellefti.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck r\u00fctbe ve mevkide olup sava\u015fta yararl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steren asker ve memurlara, geliri 20.000 ak\u00e7eden az olmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla <strong>t\u0131mar<\/strong> arazilerinden topraklar verilmekteydi. Gelirlerinin ilk 3000 ak\u00e7esine <strong>k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 hakk\u0131<\/strong> denirdi ve bunu kendi ge\u00e7imleri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131rlard\u0131. Geriye kalan gelirin her 3000 ak\u00e7esi i\u00e7in cebel\u00fc ad\u0131 verilen askerler yeti\u015ftirmekle m\u00fckellefti.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_330\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-330\" style=\"width: 1910px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-330 size-full\" title=\"timarli sipahiler\" src=\"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/timarli-sipahiler.jpg\" alt=\"timarli sipahiler\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/timarli-sipahiler.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/timarli-sipahiler-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/timarli-sipahiler-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-330\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">T\u0131marl\u0131 sipahiler<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>T\u0131mar sisteminde devlet taraf\u0131ndan verilen topraklar kesinlikle \u00f6zel m\u00fclk olarak kullan\u0131lmazd\u0131. Kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131 kazanan <strong>ehli t\u0131mar<\/strong> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan ki\u015filer ordunun asker ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 da kar\u015f\u0131larlard\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda kazand\u0131klar\u0131 gelir ile yan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6deyerek devletin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc hafifletirlerdi.<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde dirlik topraklar\u0131n\u0131n denetimlerini sa\u011flayan g\u00f6revlilere <strong>ni\u015fanc\u0131<\/strong> denmekteydi. T\u0131mar topraklar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n tutulmu\u015f oldu\u011fu defterlere ise tahrir defteri ad\u0131 verilmekteydi. B\u00f6ylece kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 davrananlar belgelenerek t\u0131marlar\u0131 elinden al\u0131nabiliyordu.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u0131mar Sisteminin Uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Salyanesiz Eyaletler<\/h2>\n<p><strong>T\u0131mar sistemi<\/strong> merkeze yak\u0131n yani salyanesiz (y\u0131ll\u0131ks\u0131z) eyaletlerde uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Merkeze uzak olan salyaneli (y\u0131ll\u0131kl\u0131) eyaletlerde ise vergi sistemi kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.T\u0131mar sisteminin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 eyaletler \u015fu \u015fekildedir;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Karaman,<\/li>\n<li>Erzurum,<\/li>\n<li>Diyarbak\u0131r,<\/li>\n<li>Mara\u015f,<\/li>\n<li>Konya,<\/li>\n<li>Adana,<\/li>\n<li>K\u00fctahya,<\/li>\n<li>Sivas,<\/li>\n<li>Budin,<\/li>\n<li>Bosna gibi eyaletler&#8230;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>T\u0131mar Sisteminin Amac\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Devlet taraf\u0131ndan t\u0131mar arazisi verilen ki\u015fi, kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu arazisine yerle\u015ferek bu bo\u015f araziyi \u00fcretime a\u00e7ard\u0131. Bu araziden elde etmi\u015f oldu\u011fu gelirlerden, kendisinin ve yan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan g\u00f6revlilerin maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 tahsis ederdi. T\u0131mar sahibi,elde edilmi\u015f olan kazanca oranla devlet i\u00e7in asker donat\u0131p yeti\u015ftirmek ile de mesuld\u00fc. Bu yeti\u015ftirilen askerlere <strong>cebel\u00fc<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilmekteydi. Bu askerler t\u0131marl\u0131 sipahilerin emrindeydi ve sava\u015f zamanlar\u0131nda padi\u015fah ad\u0131na askerlik, bar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6nemlerinde ise \u00e7ift\u00e7ilik ile u\u011fra\u015fmaktayd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_334\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-334\" style=\"width: 1910px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-334\" title=\"timar sistemi osmanli haritasi\" src=\"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/timar-sistemi-osmanli-haritasi.jpg\" alt=\"timar sistemi osmanli haritasi\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/timar-sistemi-osmanli-haritasi.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/timar-sistemi-osmanli-haritasi-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/timar-sistemi-osmanli-haritasi-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-334\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">T\u0131mar sistemi olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f y\u00fcz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcne sahip Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131n\u0131n idaresi i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemliydi. T\u0131mar sistemi osmanli haritasi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>T\u0131marl\u0131 sipahiler, arazilerinden elde ettikleri gelirlerden t\u00fcm bu ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n masraflar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131larlard\u0131. E\u011fer para artar ise ta\u015frada devlet ad\u0131na yol, k\u00f6pr\u00fc, \u00e7e\u015fme ve \u00e7e\u015fitli imar faaliyetlerinde bulunmalar\u0131 gerekmekteydi. Bunun yan\u0131nda ta\u015frada \u00e7\u0131kan isyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 da, beslemi\u015f, donatm\u0131\u015f, yeti\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu askerler ile isyanlar\u0131 bast\u0131rmak g\u00f6revine sahiptiler. Bu suretle devletin g\u00fcvenlik ve asayi\u015finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 hususlar\u0131na da katk\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olunurdu.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u0131mar Sisteminin Faydalar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p><strong>T\u0131mar sistemi<\/strong> sayesinde devlet, kasas\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 para \u00e7\u0131kmadan kendisine sava\u015f zamanlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 bir askeri birlik yeti\u015ftirmi\u015f olmakta, ta\u015fran\u0131n m\u00fchim lojistik ve \u00e7e\u015fitli imar faaliyetlerini kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015f olmaktayd\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda devletin ta\u015frada toplamakta s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 \u00e7ekmi\u015f oldu\u011fu vergileri de bu t\u0131marl\u0131 sipahiler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile toplayabilmekteydi. Bu sistem,Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun hem askeri hem de idari a\u00e7\u0131lardan temel dire\u011fini te\u015fkil etmi\u015ftir. Bunun yan\u0131nda miri arazi sisteminin i\u015fletmesinde k\u00f6yl\u00fc ve \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin \u00f6deyecek olduklar\u0131 vergilerin belirlenerek tahsis edilmeleri konular\u0131nda da tar\u0131m ekonomisinin temel dire\u011fini te\u015fkil etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Kaynaklardan edinilen bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda,t\u0131mar sisteminin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>Orhan Bey<\/strong> d\u00f6nemine kadar uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenebilmi\u015ftir. Ancak tam anlam\u0131yla uygulanmas\u0131\u00a0 <strong>I. Murad<\/strong> devrinde olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda gelirleri t\u0131mar olarak da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmayan topraklar M\u0131s\u0131r, Trablusgarp, Basra, Ba\u011fdat, Yemen, Habe\u015f, Basra, Cezayir, Lahsa ve Tunus vilayetleriydi. T\u0131mar tahsisat\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olan bir sipahinin, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta oldu\u011fu sancakta kalmas\u0131 temel bir kural olmu\u015ftur. Bu t\u0131marl\u0131 sipahinin t\u0131mar\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak olan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler de sadece onun sanca\u011f\u0131nda uygulanmas\u0131 zorunlu olan bir durum olarak kalmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_332\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-332\" style=\"width: 1910px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-332\" title=\"timar sistemi faydalari\" src=\"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/timar-sistemi-faydalari-1.jpg\" alt=\"timar sistemi faydalari \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/timar-sistemi-faydalari-1.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/timar-sistemi-faydalari-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/timar-sistemi-faydalari-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-332\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">T\u0131mar Sisteminin Faydalar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>T\u0131marlar\u0131n te\u015fkilat ve yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131nda, s\u0131n\u0131flar i\u015flevlere ve kal\u0131t\u0131ma g\u00f6re belirlenmekteydi. Genel itibari ile her iki taraf da kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetmeye te\u015febb\u00fcs edecek durumdayd\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile t\u0131marl\u0131 sipahiler ve <strong>reaya<\/strong> s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ili\u015fkileri her an bozulmaya yatk\u0131nd\u0131. Her iki taraf da kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetmekle birlikte sahip olduklar\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri de icra etmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nma pe\u015finde olabilmekteydiler. Bu gibi sebeplerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc reaya s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n t\u0131marl\u0131 sipahilere kar\u015f\u0131 olan haklar\u0131 da devlet taraf\u0131ndan kanunlarla ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde belirlenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p>Sipahilerin ve askerlerin say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n belirli seviyelerde kalmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla, t\u0131marlar\u0131n b\u00f6lgesel ve mali birliklerini koruyabilmek ad\u0131na \u00e7e\u015fitli tedbirler kanunlarla al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmak <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/timar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">t\u0131mar<\/a> sahibi olmak i\u00e7in bir zorunluluk olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmemekteydi. Balkanlarda fethedilen topraklarda kendilerinden \u00f6nceki sistemde t\u0131mar sahibi olan beylerin g\u00f6nl\u00fcn\u00fc kazanmak ad\u0131na, bu haklar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netiminde de kendilerine b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u0131mar Sistemi Faydalar\u0131<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>Devletin mali y\u00fck\u00fc azald\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00fcksek r\u00fctbeli memurlar\u0131n maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n toprak \u00fczerinden \u00f6denmesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Vergilerin d\u00fczenli bir \u015fekilde toplanmas\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Devletin asker ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Topraklar\u0131n bo\u015f kalmas\u0131 engellenerek s\u00fcreklilik sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Devlet otoritesi korundu.<\/li>\n<li>Devletin her daim sava\u015fa haz\u0131r bir ordusu oldu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>T\u0131mar Sisteminin Bozulmas\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti&#8217;ne ekonomik, sosyal, askeri ve idari alanlarda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131lar sa\u011flayan t\u0131mar sisteminde ilk bozulma emareleri 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda kendisini g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u0131mar arazilerini hak eden ki\u015filer yerine r\u00fc\u015fvet verenlere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131, sisteminin bozulmas\u0131na neden olan en \u00f6nemli etkendir. Bununla birlikte t\u0131marlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi devlete kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanm\u0131\u015f ve bu durumlar Osmanl\u0131 Devleti&#8217;ne \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar veren <strong>Celali<\/strong> isyanlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_333\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-333\" style=\"width: 1910px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-333\" title=\"Tanzimat fermani\" src=\"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Tanzimat-fermani.jpg\" alt=\"Tanzimat fermani\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Tanzimat-fermani.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Tanzimat-fermani-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Tanzimat-fermani-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-333\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">T\u0131mar Sistemi Tanzimat Ferman\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Merkezi otoritenin zay\u0131flamas\u0131 sonucu, t\u0131mar sisteminin uygulanamaz hale gelmesi ile \u00fcretim b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca devletin vergi kazan\u00e7lar\u0131nda da buna paralel bir \u015fekilde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak t\u0131mar sistemi 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na de\u011fin bir \u015fekilde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecek ve nihayetinde 1839 Tanzimat Ferman\u0131 ile kald\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Miras Yoluyla Ge\u00e7meyen Tahsisat Sistemi<\/h2>\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 devletinin uzun d\u00f6nemler boyunca en iyi i\u015fleyen sistemlerinden biri olan t\u0131mar sistemi miras yoluyla ge\u00e7meyen tahsisat sistemi olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle askeri ve idari hiyerar\u015fiyi desteklemek i\u00e7in t\u0131mar sisteminde topraklar miras yoluyla miras\u00e7\u0131lara ge\u00e7memekteydi.<\/p>\n<p>Bir\u00e7ok yerde miras yoluyla ge\u00e7meyen tahsisat sisteminin ne oldu\u011fu sorusu sorulmakta. Osmanl\u0131 merkez vilayetlerinde askeri ve idari hiyerar\u015fiyi desteklemek amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan ve miras yoluyla ge\u00e7meyen tahsisat sistemine &#8220;<strong>T\u0131mar<\/strong>&#8221; ad\u0131 verilmekteydi.<\/p>\n<h2>Sorularla T\u0131mar Sistemi<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cebel\u00fc Nedir?<\/strong> Cebel\u00fc,t\u0131mar sahiplerinin yeti\u015ftirmekle m\u00fckellef oldu\u011fu askerlere verilen isimdir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u0131mar sistemi tarihte ilk ne zaman uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?<\/strong> T\u0131mar sistemi uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131&#8217;dan \u00f6nceki h\u00e2li ikta sistemidir. \u0130kta sistemi T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam Devletleri tarihine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ilk olarak Karahanl\u0131lar&#8217;da g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bunun daha sistemli h\u00e2lde uygulanmas\u0131 ise B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti&#8217;nde olmu\u015ftur. <a href=\"https:\/\/ilahiyat.marmara.edu.tr\/en\/departments\/programme-in-islamic-history-and-arts\/department-of-islamic-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0130slam tarihi<\/a> g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise Hz.\u00d6mer d\u00f6neminde bu uygulamalara rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u0131mar sistemi ne zaman kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131?<\/strong> T\u0131mar sistemi Osmanl\u0131 y\u00fckselme devrinde ger\u00e7ek anlamda faydal\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Ancak duraklama devrinden itibaren hiyerar\u015fide ve y\u00f6netimdeki bozulmalar sebebiyle 1800&#8217;l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na dek istenilen fayday\u0131 sa\u011flayamayacakt\u0131r. 1839 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilan edilen Tanzimat Ferman\u0131 ile de tamamen kald\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00d6nerilen yaz\u0131: <a href=\"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/iyi-bir-universite-kazanmak-icin\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u0130yi Bir \u00dcniversite Kazanmak \u0130\u00e7in Ne Yapmal\u0131?<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u0131mar kelimesinin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e&#8217;deki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bak\u0131m ve ilgidir. Terim olaraksa hem asker ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak hem de idari hiyerar\u015fiyi ayakta tutmak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131 devlet taraf\u0131ndan belli ki\u015filere i\u015fletme amac\u0131yla verilen toprak sistemidir. Bu sistem &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Osmanl\u0131 Devleti T\u0131mar Sistemi Nedir?\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/timar-sistemi-nedir\/#more-323\" aria-label=\"Read more about Osmanl\u0131 Devleti T\u0131mar Sistemi Nedir?\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 Oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":329,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarih"],"views":2372,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/323","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=323"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/323\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/329"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=323"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}