532-537 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Bizans \u0130mparatoru olan I. Justinianus taraf\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul’un tarihi yar\u0131madas\u0131nda bulunan eski \u015fehir merkezine in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Ayasofya bu d\u00f6nemde bazilika planl\u0131 bir patrik katedrali olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1453 senesinde \u0130stanbul’un Fatih Sultan Mehmet kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan hemen sonra Fatih Sultan Mehmet\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan Ayasofya kiliseden camiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve ayn\u0131 y\u0131llarda cami olarak ibadete a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1935 y\u0131l\u0131nda m\u00fczeye \u00e7evrilen Ayasofya bu tarihten itibaren m\u00fcze olarak hizmet vermi\u015ftir. Ayasofya, mimari bak\u0131mdan bazilika plan\u0131yla merkez\u00ee plan\u0131 birle\u015ftirmi\u015f ve kubbeli bazilika tipinde bir yap\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 sistem ve kubbe ge\u00e7i\u015fi \u00f6zellikleri ile mimarl\u0131k tarihinde \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n
Ayasofya \u0130smi Nereden Gelir?<\/h2>\n
Ayasofya isminin ilk hecesi olan aya<\/strong> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kutsal azize anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Sofya<\/strong> s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ise bir isim olmay\u0131p Eski yunanlarda bilgelik anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan sophos s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayasofya kelimesi birle\u015ftirildi\u011finde kutsal bilgelik<\/strong> anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u0130lahi bilgelik anlam\u0131 da ta\u015f\u0131yan bu kelime Ortodoks mezhebinde tanr\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 niteli\u011fi olarak de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>\n Alt\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan bilim adamlar\u0131, fizik\u00e7i Miletli \u0130sidoros, Trallesli matematik\u00e7i ve Anthemius’un y\u00f6netmi\u015f oldu\u011fu Ayasofya’n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak on bin i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00a0\u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin masraflar\u0131 ve bina giderleri i\u00e7in I. Justinianus’un Ayasofya i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir servet harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihimizde de \u00f6nemsenen bilgilerdendir. Tarihi \u00e7ok eski bu binan\u0131n bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi de, in\u015fa edilme a\u015famas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan baz\u0131 s\u00fctun, ta\u015f ve kap\u0131lar\u0131n binadan daha eski olan yap\u0131lardan ve tap\u0131naklardan getirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Eski tap\u0131naklardan getirilen kap\u0131, s\u00fctun ve ta\u015flar Ayasofya\u2019y\u0131 daha \u00e7ok \u00f6zel hale getirmektedir.<\/p>\n Ayasofya Bizans d\u00f6neminde kutsal emanetler zenginli\u011fine sahip olan bir mabet olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Ayasofya i\u00e7erisinde bulundurulan kutsal emanetlerden birisi de 15 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde olan g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ikonostasist olarak bilinmektedir. Patrik kilisesi olarak Konstantinopolis Patri\u011fi’nin Ortodoks Kilisesi olarak merkezi Ayasofya olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131. 1054 y\u0131l\u0131nda Papa IX. Leo taraf\u0131ndan Patrik I. Mihail Kirularios’un aforoz edilmesine Ayasofya \u015fahitlik etmi\u015ftir. Bu y\u0131llar aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 kiliselerinin bir birinden ayr\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n Fatih Sultan Mehmet<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan 1453 y\u0131l\u0131nda kiliseden camiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra Osmanl\u0131 sultan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6sterilen ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ile mozaiklerinden insan fig\u00fcrleri i\u00e7erenler tahrip edilmemi\u015ftir. \u0130nsan fig\u00fcr\u00fc olmayanlar ise oldu\u011fu gibi b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00a0Bu fig\u00fcrler sadece ince bir s\u0131va ile kaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 Y\u00fczy\u0131llarca d\u00fczenli olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bu s\u0131valar alt\u0131nda kalan mozaikler, bu sayede yapay ve do\u011fal tahribattan korunmu\u015ftur. Ayasofya Cami, m\u00fczeye d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclme a\u015famas\u0131nda s\u0131valar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 fig\u00fcrler \u00fczerinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve mozaikler ayn\u0131 eskisi gibi yine g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelmi\u015f olan Ayasofya binas\u0131, do\u011fal afetler ve isyanlar nedeni ile \u00fc\u00e7 kez y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u00fc\u00e7 kez yeniden in\u015fa edilmi\u015f olan bir kilise oldu\u011fundan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ayasofya olarak da isimlendirilmektedir. \u0130lk olarak in\u015fa edilen ve ikinci olarak in\u015fa edilen kiliseler isyanlar s\u0131ras\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, d\u00f6neminde in\u015fa edilmi\u015f en geni\u015f kubbe unvan\u0131n\u0131 alan Ayasofya kubbesi Bizans d\u00f6neminde birka\u00e7 kez \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f, Mimar Sinan’\u0131n Ayasofya binas\u0131na ekledi\u011fi istinat duvarlar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n aral\u0131kl\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde \u00e7\u00f6kmesi durmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Fatih Sultan Mehmet<\/a><\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul’un Fethi sonras\u0131nda, fethin sembol\u00fc Ayasofya olmu\u015ftur. Fethin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinden hemen sonra Ayasofya Kilisesi camiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclerek Cami olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fatih Sultan\u2019\u0131n 1453 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019u fethinden sonra Ayasofya harap bir halde bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu durumun baz\u0131 Bat\u0131l\u0131 ziyaret\u00e7ilerce betimlenmesi Ayasofya’ya \u00f6zel bir anlam y\u00fckleyen Fatih Sultan Mehmet kilisenin hemen temizlenerek camiye \u00e7evrilme emrini vermesine neden olmu\u015ftur. Fatih Sultan Mehmet kilise olarak kullan\u0131lan Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f mimarisinde de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapsa da ismini kutsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015ftirmemi\u015ftir. Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n \u0130lk minaresi Fatih Sultan Mehmet Han d\u00f6neminde in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Minarelerden bir di\u011feri ise Sultan II. Bayezid taraf\u0131ndan eklenmi\u015ftir. Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman\u2019\u0131n 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda fethetti\u011fi Macaristan\u2019da bulunan bir kiliseden Ayasofya’ya iki dev kandil getirtmi\u015ftir. Halen g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu kandillerin mihrab\u0131n iki taraf\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlenmektedir.<\/p>\n 1566\u20131574 tarihleri aras\u0131nda II. Selim d\u00f6neminde dayan\u0131ks\u0131zl\u0131k belirtileri g\u00f6steren Ayasofya Mimar Sinan taraf\u0131ndan eklenen d\u0131\u015f istinat duvarlar\u0131 ile g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015ftir. Halen g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Ayasofya d\u0131\u015f mimarisinde bulunan 24 payandan\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Osmanl\u0131<\/a> d\u00f6nemine ait oldu\u011fu bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise Bizans d\u00f6nemine ait oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. H\u00fcnkar mahfiline a\u00e7\u0131lan galeri, yap\u0131lar aras\u0131nda mermerden minber gibi tarihe tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmi\u015f par\u00e7alar da halen Ayasofya i\u00e7inde bulundurulmaktad\u0131r. Ayasofya\u2019da Temmuz 2016’da d\u00fczenlenen Kadir Gecesi program\u0131nda, M\u00fcze olmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en 85 y\u0131l sonras\u0131nda minarelerinden sabah ezan\u0131 okundu. Bu y\u0131lda TRT Diyanet TV’<\/a>nin taraf\u0131ndan Ramazan ay\u0131 s\u00fcresince “Bereket Vakti Ayasofya isimli sahur program\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu program ekranlarda ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Yunanistan’dan tepki ya\u011fd\u0131. 2016 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ekim ay\u0131nda m\u00fcze olarak kullan\u0131lan Ayasofya\u2019n\u0131n Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan H\u00fcnkar Kasr\u0131’na imam atand\u0131 ve burada Sultanahmet Camii ile birlikte 5 vakit ezan okunmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n 24 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde ilk 86 y\u0131l sonra ilk Cuma namaz\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131narak Ayasofya m\u00fczesi Ayasofya Kebir Camine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/em> \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethi sonras\u0131nda cami olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flan\u0131lan Ayasofya, 1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan Bakanlar Kurulu karar\u0131 ile m\u00fczeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 1934 \u2013 2020 y\u0131llar\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fcze olarak hizmet veren Ayasofya\u2019da 24 Temmuz\u2019da k\u0131l\u0131nan Cuma namaz\u0131nda 350 bin ki\u015fi birlikte namaz k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" G\u00fcndemden d\u00fc\u015fmeyen bir konu olan Ayasofya ne zaman cami oldu?Ayasofya ismi nereden geliyor?M\u00fczeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin ard\u0131ndan 86 y\u0131l sonra tekrar camiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen Ayasofya’n\u0131n tarihi… Fatih Sultan Mehmet taraf\u0131ndan kiliseyken camiye \u00e7evrilen Ayasofya \u0130stanbul\u2019un Fatih … <\/p>\n![\"ayasofya](\"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ayasofya-ismi-nereden-gelir.jpg\" "\\"ayasofya")
Ayasofya Camisi<\/h3>\n
\u0130stanbul’un Fethi ve Ayasofya’n\u0131n Camiye D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi<\/h3>\n
16.Y\u00fczy\u0131l Sonras\u0131 Yap\u0131lan D\u00fczenlemeler<\/h3>\n
![\"ayasofya](\"https:\/\/almanca.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/ayasofya-ne-zaman-cami-oldu.jpg\" "\\"ayasofya")
Ayasofya Ne Zaman Cami Oldu?<\/h2>\n